1 % esquizofrenia

Destacados:

"Nadie estamos libres de padecer esta enfermedad"

"A día de hoy, NADIE sabe lo que es la esquizofrenia"

"Tan pronto te sientes bien como te sientes fatal"

"Quienes realmente entienden la enfermedad, son los enfermos mismos"

"Parece que no hay nada que te motive, que te guste"

"Tienes miedos, pero en realidad, no dejan de ser sentimientos"

"La esquizofrenia es la dificultad de control de la propia voluntad"

"No hay personas enfermas, sino personas vulnerables"

"Las mujeres toleran mejor los tratamientos que los hombres"

"Es una enfermedad misteriosa, enigmática, conmovedora y que produce pánico"

A quien no está enfermo; a la sociedad

"La causa es genética, por una alteración familiar; pero también puede deberse

a factores ambientales, familiares y educacionales unidos. Probablemente ya haya 

una vulnerabilidad biologica"

"Puede deberse también a una desorganización social general,

es decir, que una sociedad sea LOCA"

"El miedo que tienen los enfermos es muy grande."

"A los enfermos les asusta, a veces, las relaciones que tienen con las personas"

"Muchas personas piensan que en el origen y el fondo de la esquizofrenia

hay unas vivencias de angustia brutales: ANGUSTIA PSICÓTICA"

"Los enfermos tienen miedo de lo que estan viendo y además, tienen miedo

de descontrolarse; precisamente porqué viven situaciones que no controlan"

"Los enfermos se aislan mucho del entorno.

Tienen miedo de poder hacer daño, mucho miedo"

"Los enfermos, en cuanto se ponen un poco

mal, enseguida tienen mucho miedo.

Les da mucho miedo la vida"

"La angustia se manifiesta de dos maneras: miedo a la muerte y miedo

a la locura. Son los 2 miedos más radicales de la realidad humana"

"El problema de la esquizofrenia es el miedo a uno mismo.

También el miedo a la locura de uno mismo"

"El miedo a uno mismo hace que se aisle

mucho mas del resto de las personas"

"Todos tenemos y nos sentimos reflejados a lo

que muestran los enfermos, pero a distinto nivel"

"A la sociedad le cuesta muchísimo ver comportamientos diferentes"

"Para los enfermos es muy duro ser rechazados"

"El esquizofrénico, generalmente, es una persona muy exigente consigo misma"

"Las familías transmiten la idea de que tienes que llegar a mucho, 

les exigen mucho o ser mucho; con padres muy autoritarios"

"Los enfermos tienen miedo a equivocarse, a fallar"

"Soy distante, desconfiado. Me da miedo abrirme a mi familia"

"En las familias esquizofrenógenas siempre hay dos niveles

de comunicación, el doble vínculo o el doble mensaje"

"Los factores familiares son lo no hablado, lo no dicho, sin embargo es sentido

y percibido. Bolsas de comunicación que no se tocan pero que están siempre presentes"

"Hay posibilidades de que la enfermedad destructure la familia"

"El enfermo es muy exigente"

"Los familiares, hagan lo que hagan no le ven mejor;

hagan lo que hagan no le ven más contento"

"Las familias buscan la curación, no importa el precio. No se creen al principio lo

que se les dice. Mientras estés en esa fase de negar, nunca llegarás a asumir"

"Los familiares, una vez el hijo ha sido diagnosticado con

esquizofrenia, superprotegen al hijo o lo rechazan"

"Las familias no veran cumplidos sus deseos de ver en el un ganador, una persona

que hace una vida normal, que crea una família..."

"Los esquizofrénicos pueden llegar a no responder de sus actos"

"Los esquizofrénicos piensan mucho, dan muchas vueltas a las cosas"

"Al principio piensas que las personas son malas, pero

al final te planteas que la mala debo de ser yo (enferma)"

"El 20% de la población reconoce tener delirios y alucinaciones"

"El ciudadano que sufre psicosis no es consciente de la enfermedad,

por lo que no va a ir voluntáriamente al médico"

"Se notan mucho las crisis por la desvariación del sueño, y estas

acaban desvariando el resto de los sentidos"

"Si el enfermo se aisla y se encierra en la habitación,

entra en un proceso delirante"

"El brote aparece de manera progresiva, o de la noche a la mañana"

"Algunos delirios son agradables. Puedo salvar el mundo, puedo con todo"

"La asociación de esquizofrenia con agresividad está lejísimos de la realidad"

"Estadísticamente, los enfermos esquizofrénicos son menos 

agresivos que la población general"

"Los casos puntuales de agresividad por parte

de esquizofrénicos son muy llamativos"

"El primer ingreso siempre resulta ser una situación traumática"

"Los esquizofrénicos se plantean el suicidio cuando están con muy baja autoestima

(has perdido el tiempo en tu vida, no sacas nada claro, que triste es mi vida,

la incomprensión de todo...)"

"La investigación viene financiada y pagada por la

indústria farmacológica"

"Una iniciativa psicosocial puede no llegar nunca. Algo que se ha

probado que funciona en un lugar, no se disemina"

"La farmacología ofrece de forma rápida una anulación de los síntomas,

que es lo que molesta al entorno. Se pueden tratar los síntomas sin tratar

la enfermedad (se puede hacer caminar a un cojo)"

"El delirio no se puede dejar extender, de ahí los fármacos que lo paralizan"

"Es más fácil dar una pastilla a un familiar y anularle, 

en vez de estar una hora hablando intentando saber

cuál es el problema que tienes"

"La intervención psicoterapéutica de los servicios públicos de salud

mental no se puede dar a todos los enfermos, pero la farmacológica sí"

"No se le habla a los pacientes de los efectos secundarios de

la medicación, temen que no se la puedan tomar"

"Si tu das un medicamento y das hora hasta dentro de 2-3 meses,

tu ya no puede controlar el efecto secundario, una vez el 

medicamento ha sido introducido"

"La medicación les ponen feo, les engordan, les deterioran,

la medicación les influye"

"Si no tienen mucho deseo, les cuesta eyacular o NO eyaculan"

"La menstruación en mujeres les va y viene cuando quiere"

"La medicación causa muchos efectos extrapiramidales,

moviendo mucho las manos y los pies"

"Las ganas de llorar te las impide en antidepresivo"

"Conducir un delirio hacia un acto creativo o hacia

algo donde pudiera salir (pintura, danza, escultura...), siempre

y cuando el enfermo tenga necesidad de expresión simbólica.

Pero deben estar dirigidos"

"De esta manera, el enfermo no tendría tanto miedo en delirar

ni en alucinar porqué el psicoanalista podría reconducir esos delirios

y alucinaciones"

"La burocracia en salud mental es terrible"

"La esquizofrenia es, por definición, crónica; pero se cura y recupera"

"El tratamiento en la esquizofrenia es tener esperanza. Nunca
perderla pero nunca hacerse grandes esperanzas"

"Un psiquiatra sólo no es capaz de tratar una esquizofrenia"

"Estamos lejos de tener cubiertas las necesidades de salud mental"

"La OMS/WHO advierte que la esquizofrenia augmentará y será uno
los problemas más graves del siglo XXI"

"Cada vez se diagnostíca más"

"Es más frecuente en urbes que en población rural"

"Es una enfermedad enormemente humana"

"Los esquizofrénicos son grandes luchadores ya 
que se sobreponen a enfermedades enormes"

"Les da mucho miedo el futuro"

"Se plantean el si no hubiesen existido"

What Is Xanax/Alprazolam?

Xanax (Alprazolam) is a commonly prescribed drug to help alleviate symptoms of anxiety and panic. It's manufactured by Pfizer Inc.

Xanax belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines, which are central nervous system depressants that work by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter "gamma-aminobutyric acid" (GABA).

GABA is essentially the brain's tranquilizing neurotransmitter. Xanax binds to certain sites on the GABAA gamma-amino-butyric acid receptor, slowing down activity in the brain, producing a calming effect.

Xanax is a benzodiazepine with a very fast onset of action. Most people feel its effects kick-in within 20 minutes of ingestion - peak effects of the drug are normally achieved within an hour.

Initially approved by the US FDA in 1981 for the treatment of anxiety, Xanax became the first FDA-approved drug for panic disorder therapy in 1990.

Since its approval the drug has become one of the most prescribed, yet also one of the most misused benzodiazepines available - because of its high potential for abuse and dependence.

Medical uses of Xanax

Xanax is one of America's most popular anti-anxiety medications.

Xanax is primarily used to treat panic and anxiety disorders, such as social anxiety disorder (SAD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Xanax is also used to alleviate nausea after chemotherapy.

According to the FDA, "Demonstrations of the effectiveness of XANAX by systematic clinical study are limited to 4 months duration for anxiety disorder and 4 to 10 weeks duration for panic disorder."

Managing anxiety

The FDA has approved Xanax for short-term treatment of anxiety and for the management of certain anxiety disorders. Several high quality studies have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing anxiety.

A large-scale double blind study found that Xanax was effective in improving symptoms of anxiety in 151 anxious outpatients; the results of the study, published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, revealed that "alprazolam and diazepam produced similar clinical improvement, which was significantly larger than improvement produced by placebo and was clearly evident after only 1 week of treatment."

Panic disorder

Xanax is considered to be an effective medication for panic attacks. However, due to its potential for abuse it is not a first line treatment option. One study, published in the Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, concluded that "evidence fails to demonstrate alprazolam as superior to other benzodiazepines for the treatment of panic disorder."

A report in the Primary Care Companion Journal of Clinical Psychiatry noted that for treatment of panic disorder "four drug classes have similar efficacy (tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs], benzodiazepines, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors)."

The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) only recommends the use of Xanax for the treatment of panic disorder when the patient shows no history of tolerance or dependence.

Precautions

Pregnant women should not take Xanax as it can cross the placenta and affect the fetus, increasing the risk of congenital abnormalities. In addition, taking Xanax during the last trimester of pregnancy can result in fetal drug dependence.

Doctors should be especially careful with patients who have a history of drug dependence when considering Xanax therapy.

Side effects of Xanax may include:

- Dry mouth
- Slurred speech
- Drowsiness
- Disinhibition
- Skin rash
- Constipation
- Hallucinations (very rare)

Dependence and withdrawal

Xanax - like all other benzodiazepines - binds to certain GABA receptors (called benzodiazepine receptors), prolonged use of the drug can eventually cause adaptive changes in these receptors, making them less sensitive to the drug's effect. When this occurs a higher dosage of Xanax is required for the same initial effect to be felt, increasing the risk of physical dependence and tolerance.

According to a paper published in the journal Addiction:

"Physiological dependence on benzodiazepines can occur following prolonged treatment with therapeutic doses, but it is not clear what proportion of patients are likely to experience a withdrawal syndrome."

"Withdrawal from normal dosage benzodiazepine treatment can result in a number of symptomatic patterns. The most common is a short-lived "rebound" anxiety and insomnia, coming on within 1-4 days of discontinuation, depending on the half-life of the particular drug. The second pattern is the full-blown withdrawal syndrome, usually lasting 10-14 days; finally, a third pattern may represent the return of anxiety symptoms which then persist until some form of treatment is instituted."

Signs and symptoms of Xanax dependence include:

- Being unable to cope without the medication
- Severe withdrawal symptoms in between doses
- Tolerance to the effects of the drug
- Unsuccessful attempts to stop taking the drug

Withdrawal symptoms include:

- Increased anxiety
- Depression
- Trouble sleeping
- Depersonalization
- Tremors
- Headache
- Muscle pains
- Hypersensitivity to touch
- Shakiness
- Twitching

It is important to taper off Xanax gradually, otherwise there is a risk of benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome.

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Aemps: “La polémica sobre los equivalentes no existe en el plano clínico, sólo en el económico”

César Hernández García, jefe del departamento de Medicamentos de Uso Humano de la Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (Aemps), ha afirmado este viernes que no existe una definición reglada de equivalentes, "ni tal vez sea necesaria", y eso no ha impedido que los médicos hayan trabajado siempre con criterios de alternativas terapéuticas en los tratamientos de cada paciente. "Si ahora hay un debate se debe a que detrás del intento de crear definiciones generales y categorías de erquivalentes está el precio y el propósito de condicionar el mercado", ha añadido.

Estas declaraciones fueron realizadas en una jornada que, con el título de ¿Existe la equivalencia terapéutica? La opinión de los expertos, han organizado en Madrid la Fundación Ad Qualitatem y PSN.

DEBATE ENTRE PROFESIONALES

Médicos, farmacéuticos de hospital, gestores y representantes de la industria han participado en el debate. "El problema no está en discutir si existen o no equivalentes terapéuticos ni qué organismo es el competente para definirlos, sino para qué se quieren una vez definidos", ha señalado Emili Esteve, director técnico de la patronal española de la industria innovadora, Farmaindustria. Porque, ha añadido, se puede estar induciendo un proceso en el que se reduzca la competencia entre medicamentos, se limite la prescripción de los médicos y se atienda con menos garantías a los pacientes. Esteve ha calificado de "muy importante" el cambio introducido en la Ley de Garantías, artículo 88, al señalar que cada decisión sobre medicamentos tomada por Sanidad será de aplicación en todo el territorio nacional, reduciendo la capacidad de las autonomías de aprobar iniciativas propias en la política de medicamentos.

Más pragmático se ha mostrado José Santiago Rabanal, gerente del Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Bilbao, que ha subrayado que en el Servicio Vasco de Salud hay una larga experiencia en trabajar con equivalentes y que éstos tienen una importante repercusión en la contención del gasto. Eso hay que tenerlo en cuenta, ha explicado, aunque también hay que admitir que "los tratamientos son de cada paciente y generalizar es complicado". En este sentido, José Luis Poveda, presidente de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH), ha afirmado en su intervención que los profesionales sanitarios han trabajado siempre con alternativas terapéuticas, que son instrumentos útiles y que tienen una indudable repercusión en el gasto por lo que debe usarse el sentido común, dejar el dogmatismo y abordar este asunto desde la clínica y la eficiencia, "como trabajan siempre los profesionales de la sanidad".

NO PARA LOS ONCOLÓGICOS

El más crítico con los equivalentes terapéuticos ha sido Juan Jesús Cruz, presidente de la Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica, que ha afirmado que, "al menos en el terreno oncológico no se puede hablar de equivalencias, pues cada paciente tiene un perfil propio y además, hacerlo, acabaría con la libertad de prescripción y afectaría a los pacientes".

Fuente

Clear evidence that long-term obesity can lead to heart disease

Researchers have tracked thousands of people in the three decades since the mid-1980s to see what effect getting obese might have on their heart risks. They say this is one of the few studies that can give proof of the consequences of long-term obesity.

Follow-up of the 3,275 adults - who were not obese at the start of the research in 1985-1986 - found that those who became obese were more likely to have coronary artery calcification (hardening of the arteries supplying the heart), a problem that can lead to a heart attack.

Of the people who became obese, the earlier they did - and the longer they stayed overweight - the more likely they were to be at risk of coronary artery disease. This risk was decided by computed tomography (CT), a form of X-ray scan that was used to pick up artery calcification.

The research participants were aged between 18 and 30 years at the beginning of the study, which has just been published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. They were almost equal in numbers of men and women, and in proportion of white and black people.

Study examined both "overall" and "abdominal" obesity

Two measures of obesity were made at specific points during the long-term study. Overall obesity was worked out by measuring body-mass index (BMI), and abdominal obesity was measured by waist circumference. These checks were done at 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years after baseline.

Being obese was defined as:
- Having overall obesity with a BMI of at least 30
- Having abdominal obesity with a waist circumference of more than 40.2 inches (102cm) in men, 34.6 inches (88cm) in women.

During follow-up, 40% and 41% of the subjects developed overall and abdominal obesity, respectively. The average duration of each type of obesity was 13 years and 12 years, respectively. The CT scans to check for hardening of the coronary artery were done at 15 years (in 2000-2001), 20 years (2005-2006), and 25 years (2010-2011).

There was an almost double chance of finding hardened coronary arteries in the people who were obese for 20 years or more, compared with the people who had never become obese.

The researchers - Jared Reis of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, and colleagues - give percentage values for these results: "Approximately 38.2% and 39.3% of participants with more than 20 years of overall and abdominal obesity, respectively, had coronary artery calcification, compared with 24.9% and 24.7% of those who never developed overall or abdominal obesity."

Not only was the presence of artery hardening more likely in the obese people, but the longer people were too big, the greater the extent to which calcification got worse (disease "progression").

The authors conclude:

"These findings suggest that the longer duration of exposure to excess adiposity as a result of the obesity epidemic, and an earlier age at onset, will have important implications on the future burden of coronary atherosclerosis and potentially on the rates of clinical cardiovascular disease in the United States."

The study has been given the name CARDIA - Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. It is a large, multi-center, community-based study published in a world-renowned medical journal.

The design of the study, which set out to track future changes over time, means that the association between obesity and heart disease risk is a reliable one. This is because it was a "prospective" study as opposed to a "retrospective" one in which links are drawn from past data.

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Cauliflower Prevent Various Cancers

Cauliflower contains glucosinolates and thiocyanates — both sulfur-containing phytonutrients that cleanse the body of damaging free radicals. It also contains a substance called sulforaphane (SFN), a compound known to inhibit the occurrence of some cancers in rats caused by carcinogens, primarily colon cancer.

In the Rutger’s research, it was found once again that diet does matter in cancer prevention:

“Our research has substantiated the connection between diet and cancer prevention, and it is now clear that the expression of cancer-related genes can be influenced by chemopreventive compounds in the things we eat,” said Kong, a professor of pharmaceutics in the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.

Even the American Cancer Society admits that more than two thirds of cancers can be prevented with lifestyle modification, and this includes diet. In this particular study, mice fed a diet high in sulforaphane, the substance naturally occurring in cauliflower and broccoli, enjoyed fewer cancerous tumors, polyps, and smaller tumors in the their colons. After three weeks, the mice fed sulforaphane had a 25% decline in tumors and those given double the dose had a 47% decrease in cancerous tumors.

The results are obvious, “Our results showed that SFN produced its cancer preventive effects in the mice by inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) and inhibiting proliferation of the tumors; however, it was not clear what mechanism SFN employs to accomplish this,” Kong said.

Just how vegetables like cauliflower (and other cruciferous vegetables) help to kill cancer cells is still unknown, but Kong’s team found that SFN suppressed certain enzymes or kinases that are highly expressed both in the mice and in patients with colon cancer. The researchers concluded that this enzymatic suppression activity is the likely basis for the chemopreventive effects of SFN.

Along with cauliflower’s high levels of SFN, it is also a powerful antioxidant with high levels of vitamin C and vitamin A, also known as cancer inhibitors. Researchers also believe that if you consume cauliflower and turmeric spice together, you can prevent or eradicate prostate cancer totally. The scientists, once again from Rutger’s, tested turmeric and it’s active compound known as curcumin along with phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a naturally occurring substance in certain vegetables such as watercress, cabbage, winter cress, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale, cauliflower, kohlrabi and turnips. They found cancer-preventative qualities in the duo.

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Hambúrguer chef Jamie Oliver has just won a battle against McDonald's

Hambúrguer chef Jamie Oliver has just won a battle against one of the largest fast food chains in the world. After Oliver showed how McDonald’s hamburgers are made, the franchise announced it will change its recipe.

According to Oliver, the fatty parts of beef are “washed” in ammonium hydroxide and used in the filling of the burger. Before this process, according to the presenter, the food is deemed unfit for human consumption.

According to the chef and presenter, Jamie Oliver, who has undertaken a war against the fast food industry: “Basically, we’re taking a product that would be sold in the cheapest way for dogs, and after this process, is being given to human beings.”

Besides the low quality of the meat, the ammonium hydroxide is harmful to health. Oliver calls it “the pink slime process.”

“Why would any sensible human being put meat filled with ammonia in the mouths of their children?” asked the chef, who wages a war against the fast food industry.

In one of his initiatives, Oliver demonstrates to children how nuggets are made. After selecting the best parts of the chicken, the remains (fat, skin and internal organs) are processed for these fried foods.

The company, Arcos Dorados, the franchise manager in Latin America, said such a procedure is not practiced in the region. The same applies to the product in Ireland and the UK, where they use meat from local suppliers.

In the United States, Burger King and Taco Bell had already abandoned the use of ammonia in their products. The food industry uses ammonium hydroxide as an anti-microbial agent in meats, which has allowed McDonald’s to use otherwise “inedible meat.”

Even more disturbing is that because ammonium hydroxide is considered part of the “component in a production procedure” by the USDA, consumers may not know when the chemical is in their food.

On the official website of McDonald’s, the company claims that their meat is cheap because, while serving many people every day, they are able to buy from their suppliers at a lower price, and offer the best quality products.

In addition, the franchise denied that the decision to change the recipe is related to Jamie Oliver’s campaign.

On the site, McDonald’s has admitted that they have abandoned the beef filler from its burger patties.

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4 Foods that Help You Detox Safely and Gently

When you think of removing all the toxins from your body, you may shudder at the process – especially when considering that some experts estimate that we are exposed to 2,100,000 toxins each and every day. While there are numerous approaches to detoxing these poisons out of the body, many of them involve unpleasant side effects. Fortunately, there are gentler approaches to detoxing too.

Every day we come in contact with numerous toxins and pollutants. These toxins come from chemicals in our carpet, plastics, body care products and the air we breathe. But they also come from our water and our food choices. Cumulatively, the pollutants in our environment can have untold negative effects on our health and well-being. This is why keeping your exposure to a minimum may not be enough.

If you aren’t one for dramatic flushes or fasts, the following foods and herbs can offer a gentle detox.

1. Cilantro is a great herb that’s easy to find and simple to incorporate into your daily regimen. You can cook with it, juice it, or eat it raw. You can even find cilantro juice already made at your local health food store. Cilantro is a great detoxifier of mercury and other heavy metals. Cilantro’s antibacterial and antifungal properties make the herb work to reduce inflammation and infections while cleansing.
2. Wheatgrass is another versatile detoxifier. You can grow it yourself or find it in an increasing number of grocery stores. It’s potent so start slow with just a tiny amount of juice in your daily routine.
3. Pectin is found naturally in fruits like apples, citrus, grapes, and bananas. It helps remove heavy metals and other toxins. You can easily get the benefits of this natural detoxing agent by adding pectin-rich foods to your diet. Also, you can add pectin products to your smoothie or water. Be wary of pectin products that contain MSG.
4. Other greens like parsley, alfalfa, and chlorella are also great at chelating heavy metals and detoxing the body. You can juice any one of these or add them to salads.

To make your detox as gentle as possible stay hydrated, eliminate all processed and harmful foods, and listen to your body. You can avoid detox side-effects (a healing crisis), common in some more extreme fasts and detoxes, by simply paying attention to your body’s cues and taking heed.

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